![]() ![]() In such a fragmented, pluralistic forum it is a difficult task for “representatives to make sense of the myriad of voices”, and the desire for transparency places a greater onus on intermediaries to summarise contributions and represent the logic contributing to government decisions.ĬONSULTATION MAPPING: Since Computer-Supported Argument Visualisation tools have been used to enhance information extraction, support analyst’s cognition and demonstrate transparency in decision-making in wicked problems, this research project has investigated these benefits for what I call "Consultation Mapping". The OECD proposes that “wicked problems require deliberative discussion where consensus arises through debate with alternative options and competing interests being exposed”. So this case has inherent interest because of its significance concerning consultative democracy (Queensland is regarded as a world leader) and it is representative of a significant wicked problem that has international commonalities.Ĭonsultative Democracy for regional planning falls into the category of a ‘Wicked Problem’ due to the many disparate voices, viewpoints and agendas involved in such forums. natural & social factors) but is also fraught will issues that have international generalities and relevance. What's more, the SEQ Regional Plan consultation - because of its large land coverage - includes urban, sub-urban and rural planning, which adds to the complexity. 8460 formal written submissions were received via the ConsultQld online forum, email, post, and fax.ĬONSULTATIVE DEMOCRACY AS A WICKED PROBLEM: Horst Rittel and Melvin Weber, who wrote the landmark article "Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning" and coined the term 'Wicked Problem', considered public policy making and urban design to be a typical example of a wicked problem. The public participated in an online forum, multiple offline forums and communicated in writing both digitally and in hardcopy form. These results come from a project at Griffith University led by Ricky Ohl, who has been developing theory and practice for the use of argument visualisation in e-democracy.ĬONTEXT: In 2004-2005 the Queensland State Government released a draft Regional Plan for South East Queensland (SEQ) and invited the SEQ public to submit comments, concerns, and questions on any issues in relation to the draft SEQ Regional Plan. Queensland Regional Plan, demonstrating how argument mapping helps deliver the transparency and accountability required in such Consultative Democracy. Compendium's development is coordinated at the Open University's Knowledge Media Institute, and its source code is freely available.Ĭompendium used to map Queensland public consultationĬompendium has been used to map environmental atmosphere related content elicited from >8000 public responses to the S.E. Dialogue Mapping was subsequently integrated with work in knowledge representation and business process re-engineering (Al Selvin and Maarten Sierhuis, originally at NYNEX Science & Technology) to create Conversational Modelling which Compendium is designed to support. During QuestMap's product life, Conklin also developed Dialogue Mapping as a facilitation skill for using tools in meetings, designed to help groups further understand, and help solve wicked problems. This has subsequently evolved into the Compendium hypermedia concept mapping tool. ![]() The gIBIS prototype was subsequently turned into a product called QuestMap by Corporate Memory Systems Inc., a spinoff from MCC. Jeff Conklin Ph.D., a computer scientist, while expanding upon IBIS, developed gIBIS ("graphical IBIS") while at the Microelectronics & Computing Consortium (MCC) in Austin, Texas. ![]() Rittel developed what he called the "Issues Based Information System" ( IBIS) framework (which enables groups to decompose problems into questions, ideas and arguments), to better deal with wicked problems. Template:Release Compendium is a software tool for organising complex knowledge. ![]()
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